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Section: Miscellaneous
Number: Z-24
Topic: Miscellaneous Services
Effective Date: January 1, 2010
Issued Date: January 4, 2010
Date Last Reviewed: 12/2009

General Policy Guidelines

Indications and Limitations of Coverage

Charges submitted for the services listed on this medical policy should be denied as noted in the text below.

Experimental or Investigational

Experimental/Investigational services are defined as a treatment, service, procedure, facility, equipment, drug, service or supply (“intervention”) that has been determined not to be medically effective for the condition being treated. Charges submitted for these services listed on this policy should be denied as experimental/investigational. These determinations are based on one or more of the following reasons:

  1. The intervention does not have FDA approval to be marketed for the specific relevant indication(s); or
  2. Available scientific evidence does not permit conclusions concerning the effect of the intervention on health outcomes; or
  3. The intervention is not proven to be as safe or effective in achieving an outcome equal to or exceeding the outcome of alternative therapies; or
  4. The intervention does not improve health outcomes; or
  5. The intervention is not proven to be applicable outside the research setting.
The following services are to be denied as experimental/investigational. This is not an all inclusive list. A participating, preferred, or network provider can bill the member for the denied experimental/investigational item or service.

  • Adoptive immunotherapy (S2107) DLR 07/2007

  • Carbon monoxide, expired gas analysis (e.g., ETCO/hemolysis breath test) DLR 01/2009

  • Cellular function assay involving stimulation (e.g., mitogen or antigen) and detection of biomarker (e.g., ATP) (86352) DLR 01/2010

  • Electrical stimulation of the ear DLR 04/2009

  • Endoscopic cryospray ablation of the esophagus DLR 08/2007

  • Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation of the esophagus DLR 09/2009

  • Insertion of a temporary prostatic urethral stent including urethral measurement (53855) DLR 01/2010

  • Intraepidermal nerve fiber density testing (e.g., Therapath's ENFE) DLR 10/2008

  • Keratoprosthesis, insertion of (Prosthokeratolplasty) (65770) DLR 10/2008

  • Neuro-selective current perception threshold (CPT)/Sensory Nerve Conduction Test (sNCT) (G0255) DLR 07/2008

  • Nitric oxide expired gas determination (95012) DLR 09/2009

  • Ocular photoscreening (99174) DLR 01/2008

  • pH; exhaled breath condensate (83987) DLR 02/2009

  • Posturography (dynamic or static) (92548) DLR 03/2008

  • Saliva test, hormone level; to assess preterm labor (S3652) DLR 11/2008

  • Saliva test, hormone level; during menopause (S3650) DLR 11/2008

  • Sperm evaluation, DNA integrity (e.g., sperm chromatin assays and sperm DNA fragmentation assays) DLR 05/2008

  • SuperDimension Bronchus System DLR 08/2008

  • Tenotomy of elbow, lateral or medial (e.g., epicondylitis, tennis elbow, golfer's elbow); percutaneous (24357) DLR 01/2008

  • Thromboxane metabolite(s) including thromboxane if performed, urine (84431) DLR 01/2010

    No Improvement to Health Outcome

    The service is beyond the investigational/experimental stage but is not generally accepted by the medical community as clinically useful in diagnosing or treatment of medical conditions. Therefore, it is considered not medically necessary. A participating, preferred or network provider cannot bill the member for the denied service unless the provider has given advance written notice, informing the member that the service may be deemed not medically necessary and providing an estimate of the cost. The member must agree in writing to assume financial responsibility, in advance of receiving the service. The signed agreement should be maintained in the provider's records.

  • Body Composition Analyzers/Analysis (e.g., Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis)

  • Collagen crosslinks, any method (82523)

  • Defecography

  • Hair analysis (P0231)

  • Hamster egg and sperm penetration assay (89329, 89330)

  • Lixiscope Service

  • Optic nerve decomparession for non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (67570)

  • Rhinomanometry (92512)

  • Temperature gradient study (93740)

    No Professional Service Rendered

    The following services are to be denied because there is no direct patient care or contact. A participating, preferred, or network provider can bill the member for the denied item or service. Denial of a service based on this reason is not applicable to facility expenses. Facility expenses should be processed according to the member's contractual benefits for the service.

  • Broken appointments

  • Glucola (glucose preparation)

  • Mileage for medical visit

  • Team conferences (99366-99368)

  • Telephone calls (98966-98968)(99441-99443)

    Benefit Exclusion

    The following services are not covered under the member's benefit. This is not an all inclusive list. A participating, preferred, or network provider can bill the member for the denied item or service.

  • ***Casted impressions for special shoes

  • ***Hearing aid evaluation (92590-92595, S0618, V5010)

  • ***Intersex surgery (55970, 55980)

  • ***Nicotene cessation programs (S9075)

  • Recreational or educational therapy (inpatient)

  • Smoking cessation counseling (99406, 99407, G9016)

  • ***Work related injuries

    ***Under Managed Care programs, payment or denial for this item is based on the individual's contractual benefits.


  • NOTE:
    This policy is designed to address medical guidelines that are appropriate for the majority of individuals with a particular disease, illness, or condition. Each person's unique clinical circumstances may warrant individual consideration, based on review of applicable medical records.

    Procedure Codes

    119802435753855559705598065770
    675708252383987844318499986352
    892408932989330925129254892590
    925919259292593925949259593740
    950129896698967989689917499366
    993679936899406994079944199442
    99443A9270G0255G9016J3490P2031
    S0618S2107S3650S3652S9075V5010

    Traditional Guidelines

    Refer to General Policy Guidelines

    FEP Guidelines

    This medical policy may not apply to FEP. Medical policy is not an authorization, certification, explanation of benefits or a contract. Benefits are determined by the Federal Employee Program.

    PPO Guidelines

    Refer to General Policy Guidelines

    Managed Care POS Guidelines

    Refer to General Policy Guidelines

    Publications

    References

    Nitric Oxide Expired Gas Determination

    Smith AD, Cowan JO, Brassett KP et al. Use of Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurements to Guide Treatment in Chronic Asthma. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2005; 352 (21): 2163-2173

    Deykin A. Targeting Biologic Markers in Asthma - Is Exhaled Nitric Oxide the Bull’s-Eye? The New England Journal of Medicine. 2005; 352 (21): 2233-2235

    Szefler SJ, Mitchell H, Sorkness CA, et al. Management of asthma based on exhaled nitric oxide in addition to guideline-based treatment for inner-city adolescents and young adults: A randomised controlled trial, The Lancet. 2008;372(9643):1065-1072.

    Petsky HL, Cates CJ, Li A, et al; Tailored interventions based on exhaled nitric oxide versus clinical symptoms for asthma in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Apr 16; (2):CD006340.

    Shaw DE, Berry MA, Thomas M, et al. The use of exhaled nitric oxide to guide asthma management: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007(3);176:231-237.

    Sivan Y ; Gadish T ; Fireman E ; Soferman R, The use of exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis of asthma in school children, J Pediatr. 2009; 155(2):211-6.

    National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Asthma Education and Prevention Program, Clinical Practice Guidelines. Expert Panel Report 3, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Aug 28, 2007. Accessed September 9, 2009. Available at URL address: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.htm.

    Endoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation of the Esophagus

    Fleischer DE, et al. Endoscopic Ablation of Barrett's Esophagus: a Multicenter Study with 2.5-Year Follow-Up. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2008 Nov; 68(5): 867-76

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    Glossary





    This policy is designed to address medical guidelines that are appropriate for the majority of individuals with a particular disease, illness, or condition. Each person's unique clinical circumstances may warrant individual consideration, based on review of applicable medical records.

    Medical policies are designed to supplement the terms of a member's contract. The member's contract defines the benefits available; therefore, medical policies should not be construed as overriding specific contract language. In the event of conflict, the contract shall govern.

    Medical policies do not constitute medical advice, nor the practice of medicine. Rather, such policies are intended only to establish general guidelines for coverage and reimbursement under Mountain State Blue Cross Blue Shield plans. Application of a medical policy to determine coverage in an individual instance is not intended and shall not be construed to supercede the professional judgment of a treating provider. In all situations, the treating provider must use his/her professional judgment to provide care he/she believes to be in the best interest of the patient, and the provider and patient remain responsible for all treatment decisions.

    Mountain State Blue Cross Blue Shield (MSBCBS) retains the right to review and update its medical policy guidelines at its sole discretion. These guidelines are the proprietary information of MSBCBS. Any sale, copying or dissemination of the medical policies is prohibited; however, limited copying of medical policies is permitted for individual use.



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