Mountain State Medical Policy Bulletin

Section: Miscellaneous
Number: G-16
Topic: Chemotherapy Services
Effective Date: August 1, 2005
Issued Date: August 1, 2005
Date Last Reviewed: 07/2005

General Policy Guidelines

Indications and Limitations of Coverage

Coverage for chemotherapy is determined according to individual or group customer benefits. The following chemotherapy services and supplies are covered in any place of service, if the patient has a malignant disease, the drug being used is FDA approved, and a doctor performed or supervised and billed for the service.

NOTE:
Chemotherapy for non-malignant disease may be paid as a therapeutic injection according to the member's benefits.

Off-Labeled Use for Anti-Cancer Drugs

For consideration of off-labeled use for anti-cancer drugs, the patient must have failed all approved first line therapies, or their condition precludes their use, and there are no other therapeutic options available.

An off-labeled use of a drug is a use that is not included as an indication on the drug's label as approved by the FDA. FDA approved drugs used for indications other than what is indicated on the official label may be covered if the use is determined to be medically acceptable, taking into consideration the major drug compendia, authoritative medical literature and/or accepted standards of the medical practice.

Off-labeled uses of FDA approved drugs and biologicals used in an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic regimen for a medically accepted indication are evaluated under the conditions described below. A cancer treatment regimen includes drugs used to treat toxicities or side effects of the cancer treatment regimen when the drug is administered incident to a chemotherapy treatment.

An off-label usage of an FDA approved drug will be considered for coverage when there are no specific contraindications and one of the following criteria is met.

  1. Its usage is supported by one or more citations in at least one of the drug compendia listed below, and the usage is not listed as "not indicated" in any of the compendia listed below:

    • American Hospital Formulary Service Drug Information
    • American Medical Association Drug Evaluations
    • United States Pharmacopoeia Drug Information (USPDI)

  2. The use is supported by clinical research that appears in peer-reviewed medical literature. This applies only when an off-labeled use does not appear in any of the compendia or is listed as insufficient data or investigational. Peer-reviewed medical literature includes scientific, medical, and pharmaceutical publications in which original manuscripts are published, only after having been critically reviewed for scientific accuracy, validity, and reliability by unbiased independent experts. This does not include in-house publications of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies or abstracts (including meeting abstracts).

    Coverage will be determined based on the results of peer-reviewed medical literature published in any of the following:

    • American Journal of Medicine
    • Annals of Internal Medicine
    • The Journal of the American Medical Association
    • Journal of Clinical Oncology
    • Blood
    • Journal of the National Cancer Institute
    • The New England Journal of Medicine
    • British Journal of Cancer
    • British Journal of Hematology
    • British Medical Journal
    • Cancer
    • Drugs
    • European Journal of Cancer
    • Lancet
    • Leukemia
    • Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
ITEM COVERAGE STATUS
I.
Drugs
A9600, A9605, J0128, J0640, J0780, J0880, J1094, J1100, J1190, J1200, J1260, J1440, J1441, J1457, J1626, J1720, J1940, J2060, J2150, J2353, J2354, J2355, J2405, J2430, J2469, J2505, J2765, J2780, J2783, J2820, J2920, J2930, J3240, J3250, J3315, J3410, J3487, J8501, J8510-J8521, J8530, J8560, J8565, J8600, J8610, J8700, J9000-J9097, J9098, J9100-J9190, J9200-J9293, J9300, J9305, J9310, J9320-J9390, J9395, J9600, Q0136, Q0137, Q0163-Q0181, Q2002, Q2017, Q3007, Q3011, S0023, S0088, S0091, S0108, S0116, S0118, S0133, S0145, S0146, S0156, S0168, S0170, S0172, S0173, S0174, S0175, S0176, S0177, S0178, S0179, S0181, S0182, S0183, S0187, 90586
 
A.
Antineoplastic Agents
A.
Antineoplastic agents which have FDA approval are covered when supplied by a doctor and given by an eligible method of administration.
NOTE:
Antineoplastic agents administered in a hospital/facility setting are reimbursed to the facility, unless the cost of the agent is incurred by the doctor.
B.
Other Drugs
B.
Coverage for other drugs is determined according to individual or group customer benefits.

Payment should be made for prescription drugs which are ordered and dispensed by a doctor and which relate directly to the treatment of malignant disease.

Chemotherapy should be provided for drugs administered as part of a rescue from, or antidote for, severe toxic reactions to the antineoplastic agent, e.g., Leucovorin given as an antidote following high-dose Methotrexate therapy; diuretics with CisPlatin; or antiemetics.

Payment may be made for oral antiemetic drugs (Q0163-Q0181) when used as full replacement for intravenous antiemetic drugs as part of a cancer chemotherapeutic regimen. Procedure codes Q0166 and Q0180 should not exceed a 24 hour dosage regimen. The remaining codes should not exceed a 48 hour dosage regimen.

Payment should not be made for a rescue agent that is provided in conjunction with the administration of an ineligible antineoplastic drug. In addition, drugs prescribed as dietary supplements, vitamins, sedatives or non- prescription drugs such as aspirin are not covered.

II.
Methods of Administration
(50391, 51720, 90780-90784, 96400-96450, 96520, 96530, 96542, G0345-G0362)
 
A.
Subcutaneous, intra-muscular, intravenous or intra-arterial injection, infusion or perfusion and intracavitary (e.g., instillation into the bladder via catheter).
A.
Coverage is determined according to individual or group customer benefits.

When multiple drugs are administered concurrently by the same route of administration, only one administration fee will be paid.

When multiple drugs are given sequentially or by different routes of administration, a separate fee will be paid for each administration. This includes rescue agents, etc., described in section I.B. The appropriate administration code should be reported.

NOTE: Instillation of an anti-carcinogenic agent into the bladder (code 51720) is a covered surgical service.

Instillation(s) of therapeutic agent into renal pelvis and/or ureter through established nephrostomy, pyelostomy, or ureterostomy tube (e.g., anticarcinogenic or antifungal agent) (code 50391) is a covered surgical service.

B.
Topical
B.
Covered as chemosurgical destruction of a malignant lesion when the antineoplastic drug must be applied by the doctor. For chemosurgical destruction, report code 96549.

If the drug is reported on the same day as the topical administration of chemotherapy, and the charges are itemized, combine the charges and pay only the topical administration of chemotherapy.

Payment for the topical administration of chemotherapy performed on the same date of service includes the allowance for the drug.  A participating, preferred, or network provider cannot bill the member separately for the drug in this case. 

If the drug is reported independently, process it under the appropriate code.

NOTE: The method of administration is covered only when the drug is eligible for payment.
III.
Adjunctive Services
 
A.
Medical care including observation and examination
A.
Generally payment can be made for medical care in conjunction with or as follow-up to chemotherapy provided on an outpatient basis.
B.
Surgery
B.
Eligible

When drugs are administered into a cavity, e.g., lumbar puncture, peritoneocentesis or thoracentesis, payment will be made for the drug.
However, since the surgical procedure is considered a route of administration, a separate administration allowance will not be made.

C.
Hydration Therapy
(J7030, J7040, J7042, J7050, J7060, J7070)
C.
Hydration therapy is considered a rescue agent when it is used in conjunction with chemotherapy. When hydration therapy is used for indications other than as a rescue agent, it is subject to the member's therapeutic injection benefit coverage. If the rescue agent is not a benefit of the member's contract, it is not covered. In this instance, a participating, preferred, or network provider can bill the member for the denied service.
D.
Other type of service such as pathology, radiology, etc.
D.
Payment is made for medically necessary services.
E.
Supply charges (e.g., needles, swabs, bandaids, tubing, etc.) but not limited to, those listed
E.
Supplies used in the administration of chemotherapy are considered part of a provider's overhead expense and should not be billed separately from his or her professional service. Separate payment will not be made for any overhead expense. Coverage for overhead expenses is determined according to individual or group customer benefits. A participating, preferred, or network provider cannot bill the member for these expenses. (Refer to Medical Policy Bulletin Z-39 for additional information on overhead expenses.)

Any program variations to the chemotherapy benefit are identified according to individual or group customer benefits.

See Medical Policy Bulletin I-7 on Erythropoietin (EPO).
See Medical Policy Bulletin I-13 on Interferon Alpha.
See Medical Policy Bulletin I-16 on Leuprolide (Lupron).
See Medical Policy Bulletin I-21 on Herceptin.


NOTE:
This policy is designed to address medical guidelines that are appropriate for the majority of individuals with a particular disease, illness, or condition. Each person's unique clinical circumstances may warrant individual consideration, based on review of applicable medical records.

Procedure Codes

503915172090586907809078190782
907839078496400964059640696408
964109641296414964209642296423
964259644096445964509652096530
96542A9600A9605G0345G0346G0347
G0348G0349G0350G0351G0353G0354
G0355G0356G0357G0358G0359G0360
G0361G0362J0128J0640J0780J0880
J1094J1100J1190J1200J1260J1440
J1441J1457J1626J1720J1940J2060
J2150J2353J2354J2355J2405J2430
J2469J2505J2765J2780J2783J2820
J2920J2930J3240J3250J3315J3410
J3487J7030J7040J7042J7050J7060
J7070J8501J8510J8520J8521J8530
J8560J8565J8600J8610J8700J9000
J9001J9010J9015J9020J9031J9035
J9040J9041J9045J9050J9055J9060
J9062J9065J9070J9080J9090J9091
J9092J9093J9094J9095J9096J9097
J9098J9100J9110J9120J9130J9140
J9150J9151J9160J9165J9170J9178
J9181J9182J9185J9190J9200J9201
J9202J9206J9208J9209J9211J9212
J9213J9214J9215J9216J9217J9218
J9219J9230J9245J9250J9260J9263
J9265J9266J9268J9270J9280J9290
J9291J9293J9300J9305J9310J9320
J9340J9350J9355J9357J9360J9370
J9375J9380J9390J9395J9600Q0136
Q0137Q0163Q0164Q0165Q0166Q0167
Q0168Q0169Q0170Q0171Q0172Q0173
Q0174Q0175Q0176Q0177Q0178Q0179
Q0180Q0181Q2002Q2017Q3007Q3011
S0023S0088S0091S0108S0116S0118
S0133S0145S0146S0156S0168S0170
S0172S0173S0174S0175S0176S0177
S0178S0179S0181S0182S0183S0187

Traditional Guidelines

Refer to General Policy Guidelines

FEP Guidelines

When the patient obtains chemotherapy drugs from a pharmacy or obtains them from a hospital pharmacy for administration other than in hospital, the charges for the drugs are eligible. Chemotherapy drugs for oral administration and other prescription drugs are also eligible expenses.

Also refer to General Policy Guidelines

PPO Guidelines

Refer to General Policy Guidelines

Managed Care POS Guidelines

Refer to General Policy Guidelines

Publications

PRN References

08/1994, Kytril chemotherapy rescue agent
10/1998, Oral antiemetic drugs
12/2004, Off-Labeled use for anti-cancer drugs

References

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Table Attachment

Text Attachment

Procedure Code Attachment


Glossary





This policy is designed to address medical guidelines that are appropriate for the majority of individuals with a particular disease, illness, or condition. Each person's unique clinical circumstances may warrant individual consideration, based on review of applicable medical records.

Medical policies are designed to supplement the terms of a member's contract. The member's contract defines the benefits available; therefore, medical policies should not be construed as overriding specific contract language. In the event of conflict, the contract shall govern.

Medical policies do not constitute medical advice, nor the practice of medicine. Rather, such policies are intended only to establish general guidelines for coverage and reimbursement under Mountain State Blue Cross Blue Shield plans. Application of a medical policy to determine coverage in an individual instance is not intended and shall not be construed to supercede the professional judgment of a treating provider. In all situations, the treating provider must use his/her professional judgment to provide care he/she believes to be in the best interest of the patient, and the provider and patient remain responsible for all treatment decisions.

Mountain State Blue Cross Blue Shield (MSBCBS) retains the right to review and update its medical policy guidelines at its sole discretion. These guidelines are the proprietary information of MSBCBS. Any sale, copying or dissemination of the medical policies is prohibited; however, limited copying of medical policies is permitted for individual use.